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California mastitis test
The California Mastitis Test (CMT) is a simple cow-side indicator of the somatic cell count of milk. It operates by disrupting the cell membrane of any cells present in the milk sample, allowing the DNA in those cells to react with the test reagent, forming a gel.〔David White, Michael Walmsley, Alvin Liew, Rod Claycomb and Graeme Mein (2005): "Chemical and rheological aspects of gel formation in the California Mastitis Test", ''Journal of Dairy Research'', 72:115-121〕 It provides a useful technique for detecting subclinical mastitis.
==Development==
Whiteside described a reaction between sodium hydroxide and milk that resulted in the thickening of mastitic milk.〔W. H. Whiteside (1939): "Observations on a new test for the presence of mastitis in milk." ''Canadian Public Health Journal'' 30:44〕 The utility of this reaction as a field test was limited by the fact that the reaction was sometimes difficult to observe, and would eventually occur even in normal milk. A refined version of the test, which enhanced its sensitivity, and eliminated the confounding effect of milk fat, uses an anionic surfactant, which forms a gel with the DNA in somatic cells in the milk〔Schalm OW & Noorlander DO (1957): "Experiments and observations leading to development of the California mastitis test." ''Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association'' 130:199–204〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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